Artículo de Opinión por Juan Gonzalo Perez* (jperezg@eafit.edu.co)
* Estudiante de Negocios Internacionales, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
La Republica de Kenya está ubicada en el este de África entre Somalia y Tanzania, limita con el Océano Indico en el este y con los grandes lagos africanos en el oeste. Actualmente su población supera los 45 millones de habitantes, goza de una estabilidad política y social relativamente alta y en efecto tiene el mayor Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de la región. Debido a su notable desempeño económico con base en la agricultura y la industria de los servicios, este país es considerado como un milagro de crecimiento económico en la región de África Subsahariana, gracias a políticas de aprovechamiento de los beneficios de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED).
Según un informe presentado por la UNCTAD, el crecimiento real del PIB de este país fue de 4,9% en el 2013 y se espera que en el 2014 llegue a 5,7%; logrando superar el crecimiento de países como Sud África. Pero, ¿Cómo logro atraer y aprovechar los beneficios de la Inversión Extrajera Directa para alcanzar estos niveles de crecimiento económico?
Luego de superar una crisis política, una sequía y los efectos de la crisis financiera mundial en el 2008, Kenya aprovechó su riqueza en metales precios para atraer el interés de los inversionistas extranjeros pero con condiciones que le permitían fortalecer otros sectores mientras se recuperaba de la crisis.
La implementación de un nuevo marco de políticas para la inversión Extrajera Directa (IED) recomendado por la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidad para el Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD), le permitió al país sacar mayor beneficio de la inversión, logrando de esta forma fortalecer: la manufactura de productos básicos y de insumos industriales para el mercado regional, las actividades en la agricultura, el desarrollo de los centros de servicios y la diversificación de las actividades en las zonas de procesamiento de exportaciones. Como resultado, estos sectores productivos han contribuido un mayor valor para la economía y el desarrollo de país.
Para lograr este cambio en el modelo económico fue necesario la implementación de medidas que permitieran la creación de una ley minera que mejorara la transparencia en los procesos de licenciamiento, el establecimiento de una política para el incremento de las regalías a las empresas en el sector minero energético, la creación de una agencia de promoción con expertos en temas de impuestos corporativos, y por último, una ley que mejorara la coordinación de las instituciones del gobierno. Con estas reformas el país logro implementar un programa de estímulo de inversión pública en agricultura, servicios, infraestructura, salud y educación.
Así pues, el cambio en el paradigma en la inversión, la implementación de un marco de políticas claras para el aprovechamiento de capitales, y la demanda internacional por metales preciosos fueron las claves para que este país del este africano lograra un crecimiento económico sostenible con un enfoque en el desarrollo social por medio de la diversificación de sus sectores productivos.
Este Observatorio es un espacio de difusión de artículos cortos de análisis y opinión del grupo de estudio sobre temas de comercio, inversión y desarrollo aplicados principalmente a países emergentes y en vía de desarrollo. La perspectiva de análisis es inspirada en la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (UNCTAD). La opinión reflejada en estos artículos no representa necesariamente la posición institucional de la UNCTAD, o de la afiliación de los autores.
Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts
Friday, June 13, 2014
Monday, March 24, 2014
Why Africa?
Opinion Article by: Estefanía Tirado* (etirado2@eafit.edu.co)
*Economics and International Business Student at Universidad EAFIT, Colombia.
For the last eight months this observatory has dedicated its entire efforts on explaining the benefits of trade, the challenges and advantages of global value chains, the main challenges for developing countries to establish a truly beneficial trade policy, and moreover, this nine-member group has try to transmit the idea of a strong link between a country’s social and productive investment and its trade and development achievements.
By analyzing all the previous articles written by members of the observatory, it becomes evident that our last goal is to provide structured ideas on economic policy, which can beneficially impact each member of society. Taking this into account, the idea of studying a region thatis so incredibly endowed with natural resources, but has not been able to transform it into a substantial economic development, becomes an extremely interesting challenge. Therefore the purpose of the series of publications that I am about to start, will be focused on how to unlocked African private sector dynamism to promote trade and ultimately economic development in the region.
Although since the 2012 African Union summit, governments in the region have shown interest in making a bigger effort to exploit intra-African trade, as they recognize it as an opportunity to generate employment, catalyze investment and foster growth, the level of trade, giving African factor endowments, it’s still extremely below its potential (UNCTAD, 2013). One of the main reasons for this trade underdevelopment, it’s that the measures taken until now to promote intra-trade have been based on the reduction of trade barriers, but small efforts have been made to enrich countries productive capacities, therefore there is no sufficient supply of goods to increase exports.
Moreover, there has not been a strong plan to incorporate the private sector in the process of trade liberalization and intra-African trade. This has caused a generalized unawareness within the enterprises about the diverse opportunities and challenges to build up a bigger productive capacity, that provides them higher benefits. Bearing this in mind, the following reports will concentrate first on the detailed explanation and analysis about Africa’s current trade data, and then, will move to the structured policies needed to take advantage of the already made tariffs and non-tariffs reduction, which will hopefully rebound positively on that 48% Sub-Saharan population that still live under $1.25 a day.
UNCTAD (2013). Economic Development in Africa. United Nations: Geneva, Switzerland. Available online at: http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=604
*Economics and International Business Student at Universidad EAFIT, Colombia.
For the last eight months this observatory has dedicated its entire efforts on explaining the benefits of trade, the challenges and advantages of global value chains, the main challenges for developing countries to establish a truly beneficial trade policy, and moreover, this nine-member group has try to transmit the idea of a strong link between a country’s social and productive investment and its trade and development achievements.
By analyzing all the previous articles written by members of the observatory, it becomes evident that our last goal is to provide structured ideas on economic policy, which can beneficially impact each member of society. Taking this into account, the idea of studying a region thatis so incredibly endowed with natural resources, but has not been able to transform it into a substantial economic development, becomes an extremely interesting challenge. Therefore the purpose of the series of publications that I am about to start, will be focused on how to unlocked African private sector dynamism to promote trade and ultimately economic development in the region.
Although since the 2012 African Union summit, governments in the region have shown interest in making a bigger effort to exploit intra-African trade, as they recognize it as an opportunity to generate employment, catalyze investment and foster growth, the level of trade, giving African factor endowments, it’s still extremely below its potential (UNCTAD, 2013). One of the main reasons for this trade underdevelopment, it’s that the measures taken until now to promote intra-trade have been based on the reduction of trade barriers, but small efforts have been made to enrich countries productive capacities, therefore there is no sufficient supply of goods to increase exports.
Moreover, there has not been a strong plan to incorporate the private sector in the process of trade liberalization and intra-African trade. This has caused a generalized unawareness within the enterprises about the diverse opportunities and challenges to build up a bigger productive capacity, that provides them higher benefits. Bearing this in mind, the following reports will concentrate first on the detailed explanation and analysis about Africa’s current trade data, and then, will move to the structured policies needed to take advantage of the already made tariffs and non-tariffs reduction, which will hopefully rebound positively on that 48% Sub-Saharan population that still live under $1.25 a day.
Reference
UNCTAD (2013). Economic Development in Africa. United Nations: Geneva, Switzerland. Available online at: http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=604
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
